In 1909, the great dental researcher GV Black traveled to Colorado Springs to see what a young dentist named Frederick McKay had observed among the children there: Nearly all of them had incredibly dark brown stains on their teeth.
“I spent considerable time walking on the streets, noticing the children in their play,” Black wrote, “attracting their attention and talking with them about their games, etc., for the purpose of studying the general effect of the deformity.
I found it prominent in every group of children. One does not have to search for it, for it is continually forcing itself on the attention of the stranger by its persistent prominence. This is much more than a deformity of childhood. If it were only that, it would be of less consequence, but it is a deformity for life. [emphasis added]
The cause, McKay later discovered, was unusually high amounts of fluoride in the local water supply. The unsightly brown stains were a sign of dental fluorosis, or overexposure to fluoride while the teeth are still developing.
Yet he and Black also observed that the children’s teeth seemed much more resistant to decay. Ultimately, this led to the practice of adding fluoride to the public water supply.

Dental fluorosis
According to their own data, “Dental caries is the most common chronic disease among youth aged 6–19 years,” affecting nearly half of all kids. Among adults age 20 to 64, a full 92% have had decay in their permanent teeth.
And this is the case even though fluoride is everywhere – not just in the water (and food and drinks made with that water), but nearly every brand of toothpaste and many a rinse. There’s even fluoridated dental floss. Many an orthodox dentist continues to provide fluoride supplements and treatments, as well.
So perhaps it’s no surprise that rates of dental fluorosis have skyrocketed through recent years.
The latest accounting came just this past month, courtesy of a new paper in JDR Clinical & Translational Research. Its authors crunched the numbers from three batches of NHANES data covering just over 25 years.
“Large increases in severity and prevalence were found in the 2011–2012 NHANES as compared with the previous surveys,” they wrote, “for all sociodemographic categories.”
For ages 12 to 15 y — an age range displaying fluorosis most clearly — total prevalence increased from 22% to 41% to 65% in the 1986–1987, 1999–2004, and 2011–2012 surveys, respectively. The rate of combined moderate and severe degrees increased the most, from 1.2% to 3.7% to 30.4%. [emphasis added]
Yet there are those who will insist that this “deformity,” to use Black’s term, is merely a cosmetic concern.
While some studies have suggested that dental fluorosis has little or no negative impact, other research begs to differ. For instance, a 2018 study of teenage girls found that the more severe the fluorosis, the greater the personal dissatisfaction or lower quality of life scores.
Dental fluorosis impacts the OHRQOL [oral health related quality of life] and has a negative effect on daily activities in psychosocial domains. Dental fluorosis can also impact self-satisfaction, confidence, and image; social activities; establishing relationships; and enjoying the life. Embarrassment, worry about smiling and talking, was associated with dental fluorosis.
A slightly earlier study of younger children (age 8 to 12) likewise found that the condition dragged down quality of life. Other research suggests that treatment of the fluorosis may improve it.
But even more importantly, fluorosis is only the most obvious sign of the damage fluoride can do to the human body. For the fluoride isn’t just applied to the surfaces of the teeth. It’s ingested. And this is the point we leave you to consider:
The teeth are not the only tissue in the body that accumulate fluoride (the bones, pineal gland, and arteries accumulate it as well). There is no apparent reason, therefore, why fluoride’s effects on the body will be limited to the teeth. As noted by Dr. Hardy Limeback, “it is illogical to assume that tooth enamel is the only tissue affected by low daily doses of fluoride ingestion.” According to the late Dr. John Colquhoun, “Common sense should tell us that if a poison circulating in a child’s body can damage the tooth-forming cells, then other harm also is likely.”
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